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OLDEN TIMES IN THE PARISH.
225
CHAPTER XIII.
1693—1736.
Fairs Established in Glen-Urquhart.—Erection of the Regality of Grant.—Sir Ludovick Grant acquires Abriachan, Culnakirk, and Clunemore.—He makes over Urquhart to Brigadier Grant.—The Brigadier’s Career.—The Fifteen.—The Briga dier on the Side of King George.—The Men of Urquhart and Glenmoriston support the Chevalier.—Glengarry and Glen- moriston in Argyll. — Sheriffmuir. — Keppoch’s Raid on Urquhart.—The Brigadier and the Jacobites of Urquhart.— Attainder of Iain a’ Chragain.—Invermoriston House Burnt, and Glenmoriston Forfeited.—The Forfeited Estates Com missioners and their Difficulties.—The Court of Sir Patrick Strachan.—The Battle of Glenshiel.—The Commissioners’ Factors.—The Factors in Glenmoriston.—Patrick Grant joins Donald Murchison.—The Fight of Ath-nam-Muileach.— General Wade. — Fort-Augustus Built. — Wade’s Roads.— Galley placed on Loch Ness.—Glenmoriston Purchased for Iain a’ Chragain.—The Price and its Application.—Iain a’ Chragain’s Death.—His Career and Character.
Although Sir Ludovick Grant failed in his endeavours to get pecuniary compensation from Government for his own and his tenants’ losses in connection with the Revolution, certain privileges were conferred upon him which in that age were not without value. On 15th June, 1693, Parliament passed an Act appointing “ane free fair,” to be called “Louis Faire” after himself,1 to be held at
1 Ludovick is a pedantic form—from the Latin—of Lewis, or Louis.
15
226 URQUHART AND GLENMORISTON.
the church of Kilmore, in Urquhart, on the last Tuesday of August in each year, and another, to be called “ Lady Fair,” in honour of his wife, to be held yearly, in November, at the same place. To these fairs all might “ resort for buying and selling of bestiall and all sorts of merchant commodities what- sumever that shall be brought thereto be any persones ;“ and the Laird and his successors were to receive “ the haill tolls, customes, emoluments, profits, and dueties belonging or that by the laws and practiques of this realme belongs or appertaines to any in the like caices, to be collected and ingathered be him, his tacksmen, servants, or col lectors, to be appointed by him for that effect.”1 On 28th February, 1694, his claims upon the King were further acknowledged by the grant of a crown charter erecting his whole lands, including the Barony of Urquhart, as well as the Barony of Corrimony, the feudal superiority of which he possessed, into the Regality of Grant.2
1 Acts of Parliament, IX., App., 93.
2 Ibid. X., p. 93. The Regality embraced inter alia “the lands and barony of Urquhart, viz., Bordland [Borlum] with the fortalice thereof, 6 merkland of Kill St Ninian with the mill, 6 merkland of Kerrogar, 6 merkland of Drumboy, 3 merkland of Wester Bounload, 3 merkland of Mid Bounload, 3 merkland of Easter Bounload, 6 merkland of Balmakaan, 6 merkland of Garthali, 6 merkland of Polmalie and Delshange, Little Clune, 9 merkland of the Three Inchbrenes, 3 merkland of Meikle Diviagh, with the office of forester of the forest of Clunie, with the shealings thereof, in the Lordship of Urquhart, and shire of Inver ness, erected of old into one free barony called the Barony of Urquhart, reserving to their Majesties and their successors the property of the forest of Clunie, with the shealings thereof ; and also the forty shilling land of new extent of Bunload, in the barony of Urquhart and shire of Inverness, and the advocation, donation, and right of patronage of the benefice of the Chancellory of Moray, comprehending the churches of Inverawin, Kirkmichell, Knockan-
OLDEN TIMES IN THE PARISH. 227
Sir Ludovick, also, notwithstanding his troubles and losses, found opportunities of acquiring new estates. He purchased Abriachan from Alexander Fraser of Kinnerras in 1695, and Culnakirk and Clunemore from John Grant of Glenmoriston in the following year ; and having thus consolidated his possessions in the district of Loch Ness, he made them over in 1699 to his eldest son, Colonel Alex ander Grant, on the occasion of the latter’s marriage with Elizabeth Stewart.1 The Laird retained his other estates until his death in 1716.
Alexander Grant was a man of considerable note in his time. He represented the county of Inverness in Parliament for several years, took an active part in the negotiations for the union with England, and was one of the Scottish commissioners who signed the Articles of Union, in 1706. He was a brave soldier and a capable officer, and saw much service in the wars of the Duke of Marlborough, under whom he received rapid promotion, until, in 1711, he was raised, “for his loyalty, courage, and experience,” to the rank of brigadier-general. In January, 1715, he became governor of the fortress of Sheerness, and,
doch, Urquhart and Glenmoriston, and parish churches of Cromdaill, Advie, Abernethie, Kincardin, and Dutchell, rectories and vicarages of the same, in the diocese of Moray, and shires of Inverness and Elgin and Forres, united 1 o the foresaid lands of Easter Bounload in the barony of U’rquhart and shire of Inverness ; and in like manner the lands and barony of Corriemonie, com prehending the £4 land of Corriemonie, and £4 lands of Morall, and £8 lands of Four Meiklies, 40s lands of Lochletter, 40s lands of Auchatemrach, 40s lands of Diviagh, 40s lands of Little Cloyne, and the half lands of Cloyne Meikle, and 40s lands of Pitchirrellcroy, extending in all to a £27 land, in the lordship of Urquhart and shire of Inverness.”
1 Chiefs of Grant, I., 501.
228 URQUHART AND GLENMORISTON.
on the outbreak of the Jacobite insurrection of that year, captain of the castle of Edinburgh. On the 19th of August, he was appointed lord-lieutenant of the counties of Inverness and Banff.
During the latter years of the reign of Queen Anne, the Tory or Jacobite party made little attempt to conceal their intention of bringing about the restoration of the Stewarts on her death. Her some what sudden end, however, in August, 1714, found them unprepared ; and, with few exceptions, they appeared to acquiesce in the accession of George the First. The Earl of Mar, who had great influence in the North, offered his services to George, and obtained from a number of Highland chieftains, including The Chisholm and Iain a’ Chragain, Laird of Glenmoris- ton, a letter entreating him to assure the Govern ment of their loyalty to His Majesty.1 But these professions were only intended to deceive. In August, 1715, the Earl held the famous Hunting of Braemar, at which it was resolved to rise in arms for James, son of James the Seventh. Glengarry was present at the Hunting, and so also, it is said, was his neighbour, Iain a’ Chragain. They were old companions in arms, for they had fought side by side for James’ father at Killicrankie. The Laird of Grant and theBrigadier were enthusiastic Whigs, but that circumstance did not prevent their clans men and tenants taking up the Stewart cause. Under the banner of Glengarry were found Iain a’
1 Collection of Original Letters and Authentick Papers relating to the Rebellion of 1715, 5.
OLDEN TIMES IN THE PARISH. 229
Chragain and his men of Glenmoriston, as well as a company from Glen-Urquhart, under the command of Macdonald of Aughtera, with Alex ander Cumming, a brother of Dulshangie, and William Grant, a son of Corrimony, as his lieuten ants.1 Alexander Grant of Shewglie, son of that Shewglie who fell at Corribuy, privately exercised his influence in favour of the Stewarts.2
The story of The Fifteen may be briefly told. Mar unfurled his standard early in September, and, marching southward, seized Perth, which he made his headquarters. He was opposed by John, Duke of Argyll, commander-in-chief of King George’s forces in Scotland. Glengarry and Glenmoriston were sent into Argyll with five hundred men, to raise the Jacobites of that county, and seize Inveraray. They met with no success, and in November they joined Mar — whose forces had already been increased by the arrival of the Chisholms and other northern clans—in time to take part in the battle of Sheriffmuir. In that strange conflict the right wing of each army was victorious, and the left defeated ; and both sides claimed the victory. But while the immediate issue was doubtful, the result of the battle, and of the defeat, on the same day, of Mackintosh of Borlum’s army in England, was to break the back of the insurrection. Mar’s army melted away ; and, not withstanding the appearance on the scene of James
1 Chiefs of Grant, II., 95. 2 Memorial, dated 1746, at Castle Grant.
230 URQUHART AND GLENMORISTON.
himself, the Rising of the Fifteen speedily came to an end. During its course Macdonald of Keppoch entered Glen-Urquhart with three hundred men, committed great outrages, and carried off a large booty.1
The conduct of the men who had gone from Glen-Urquhart to join the Jacobite army gave their landlord, Brigadier Grant, excessive annoyance, and he vowed vengeance against them. “ By what information I can get from some prisoners taken at Dunblaine,” he wrote from Stirling to his brother, Captain George Grant, on 22nd December, “ I find there were some of the Urquhart men with the rebels. The company was commanded by McDonald of Aughtera ; Delshangie’s brother, Alexander Gumming, was lieutenant, and Corriemonie’s sone William Grant, were officers [sic]. I have a list of severalls of the private men which I need not send, since you’l gett them from Clury [the factor of Urquhart] or Sheugly. I hope whatever coms of others you will, with my other friends, take care that these men of myn be secured ; be shure you take no baile for them. If they’r not able to main tain themselves, I desire you’l at my charge lett them have a penny worth of bread a day, and that without respect of persons or relations ; for, as far as it’s possible for me, I will prosecute them and endeavour to make examples of them, that so future ages shall stand in aw of following there footsteps. For if they should escape, I thinck
1 Major Fraser’s Manuscript, II., 71 ; Arbuthnot’s Life of Lovat, 215.
OLDEN TIMES IN THE PARISH. 231
others would be the readier to imitate them. Besides, with me its ane agravation of their guilt that they joyn’d the Laird of Glengarry ; and for that reason I hope my friends will be at some pains to secure these rebells, but lett [it] be so cautiously manadg’d that the execution of it may be all at the same tym. I'm told that John Grant in Divach has been a very turbulent fellow on this occasion. I therefore desire that he may be keept prisoner, and not allow’d his liberty upon baile, as I hear he purposes ; and at the same tym lett him be warn’d out of what land he possesses of myn again [against] the next term. So give your orders to Clury anent it.” The Brigadier himself soon followed this angry letter, and placed soldiers in the houses of Erchless, Brahan, and Borlum near Inverness. His visit to Urquhart was not so disastrous to his offending tenants as they had probably expected.
In the Act of Attainder passed by Parliament after the suppression of the insurrection, John Grant of Glenmoriston, The Chisholm, and Alexander Macdonald of Glengarry, are named among those who had taken up arms against King George, and were to stand and be adjudged attainted of high treason if they did not surrender themselves for trial on or before 1st June, 1716. Glengarry sur rendered, and was pardoned. Glenmoriston and The Chisholm held out ; and in their cases the attainder took effect, and their estates were forfeited. Inver- moriston House was given to the flames by the Whig soldiers, and, as in the days of the Revolution,
232 URQUHART AND GLENMORISTON.
Iain a’ Chragain had to betake himself to the natural fastnesses of that glen which, legally, he could no longer call his own. A cave in the face of a rock overhanging the river Moriston, near the fall of Eas-Iararaidh, is still pointed out as his favourite retreat until the King’s general amnesty in 1717 made it safe for him to appear in public.
The estate of Glenmoriston—now once again Crown property — was, together with the lands of The Chisholm, the Earl of Seaforth, and other attainted landowners, placed by Parliament under the management of the Forfeited Estates Commissioners. These gentlemen did not find their task an easy one. The tenants, in most cases, adhered loyally to their old proprietors, and refused to pay rent to the representatives of the Crown. The story of Donald Murchison, Seaforth’s cham berlain, collecting the rents of Kintail, and sending them to the Earl on the Continent, is well known. In a similar manner Iain a’ Chragain practically continued to enjoy his old patrimony. The great bulk of his estate was found by the Commissioners to be in the occupancy of his near relations, under rights which it was difficult to set aside. His brother, Patrick, held the lands of Coineachan and Bealla-Do, under a wadset for 2000 merks Scots. Patrick Grant of Craskie had a similar right to Craskie and Tomchraskie, in security of 3000 merks. Angus or Æneas Grant possessed Duldreggan under a wadset for 3000 merks. John Macdonald held Dulchreichart in security of 500 merks. The Laird’s
OLDEN TIMES IN THE PARISH. 233
brother, Duncan, had Wester Innerwick, in security of 1000 merks ; his son-in-law, Alexander Grant of Shewglie, tenanted Glenfad, and retained the rent on account of the interest of two sums of 2000 merks and £200 Scots due to him ; and, to crown all, his own wife, the daughter of Sir Ewen of Lochiel, was tenant of the home farms of Invermoriston and Blairie in virtue of some right granted to her before the Rising, as a safeguard, probably, against mis fortune.1
In addition to these legal difficulties, the officers of the Commissioners ran considerable risk of per sonal violence in the performance of their work ; and when their surveyor-general, Sir Patrick Strachan of Glenkindy, came north to make enquiry concern ing the lands of Glenmoriston and their rental, he did not venture within the bounds of our Parish, but held his court on the Green of Muirtown, near Inverness. In response to his summons, the Glen- moriston wadsetters and tenants met him there on 29th October, 1718, and on oath declared the rents and duties payable by them. As so ascertained, the total yearly value of the whole estate amounted only to £691 16s 8d Scots, or £57 13s 02/3d sterling !2
Rumours of a Spanish invasion in the interest of the Chevalier, encouraged the Glenmoriston tenantry, led by their old Laird and his sons, to continue to defy the Commissioners ; but their hopes
1 Forfeited Estates Papers, in Register House, Edinburgh.
2 Forfeited Estates Papers. This amount included the rent of Dalcattaig, which belonged to Glenmoriston before the forfeiture.
234 URQUHART AND GLENMORISTON.
were almost destroyed when, in 1719, General Wightman, marching from Inverness by Strath- errick, Kil-Chuimein, and Glenmoriston,1 defeated the Spaniards in Glenshiel. Still, however, no rents found their way into the coffers of the Commissioners, and so, to end the farce, two resolute Eoss-shire Whigs—William Boss of Easter Fearn, ex-provost of Tain, and his brother, Robert Ross, one of the bailies of that burgh2—were appointed factors on the estates of Seaforth, Chisholm, and Glenmoriston, in October, 1720, with instructions to bring them effectually under Government control. The factors began quietly by serving the tenants with demands for payment of their rents. The notices were treated with contempt, and they therefore resolved to visit the estates in person. Starting from Inverness, on 13th September, 1721, under the escort of Lieu tenant John Allardyce and a company of the Royal Regiment of North British Fusiliers, and proceeding through Glen-Urquhart, they reached Invermoriston “after some adventures,” and there held a court on the 21st, to which they summoned the wadsetters and tenants. A few only obeyed. Easter Fearn acted as baron-bailie, or judge : his brother took the part of prosecutor, and formally demanded payment of the rents of the crops for the years 1715 to 1721, inclusive. Some of the tenants admitted that the amounts claimed were due, and the baron-bailie gave judgment against them. Others swore that, not withstanding the forfeiture, they had paid their
1 Jacobite Lairds of Gask, 461. 2 Taylor’s History of Tain, 89.
OLDEN TIMES IN THE PARISH. 235
rents to the old Laird—a few adding, by way of excuse, that they were “ stressed thereto.” The cases of those who had paid to the Laird were referred to the decision of the Commissioners ; while the absent tenants were “held as confessed,” and judgment given against them.1
But these proceedings were of little avail. Among those who watched them was Iain a’ Chragain’s second son, Patrick, a young lad of spirit, who bore no love to the gentlemen of Easter Ross, and whose great ambition was to cut short their factorial career. When they left Invermoriston, with the intention of visiting Strathglass and Kintail, Patrick, with a few kindred spirits, took the short route by the Braes of Glenmoriston to the West Coast, and informed Donald Murchison of their approach. Murchison, who had had some military experience as an officer in the Jacobite army, resolved that they should not enter the bounds of the Seaforth country ; and, with about three hundred men, and accompanied by Patrick Grant and his companions, he crossed the mountains in the direction of Strathglass, and lay in wait for them in the heights of Glen-Affric. The factors, having held courts in Strathglass, started with their escort for Kintail. But their progress was stopped at Ath-nam-Muileach, where they were suddenly confronted by Murchison’s party. After an exchange of fire, Easter Fearn and Murchison met between the lines, with the result that the factors retraced their steps, leaving, it is said, their
1 Forfeited Estates Papers, in Register House.
236 URQUHART AND GLENMORISTON.
commission in Donald’s hands. In the skirmish, Easter Fearn and his son Walter, and several others, were wounded. Walter succumbed to his injuries, and his body was carried by the Fusiliers to Beauly, and buried within the walls of the Priory.
With the view of punishing the perpetrators of this outrage, the authorities went to some trouble to ascertain who were present with Murchison. On 11th and 20th November, Robert Gordon of Haugh, Sheriff-Depute of Inverness, held courts of enquiry at Inverness, at which witnesses gave the names of such as they had recognised—among them being Patrick Grant, and Donald Boy, Achnaconeran, son of the Glenmoriston ground officer.1 Similar courts were held by John Baillie, also a Sheriff-Depute, at Guisachan, on 16th November, and at Duldreggan on the 20th.2 But these enquiries had no result. The Glenmoriston men escaped the punishment which was intended for them, and Patrick Grant lived to acquire the estate of his forefathers, which he enjoyed till his death, at a great age, in 1786.3
1 Forfeited Estates Papers. 2 Ibid.
3 The following fragment of a spirited old ballad on the skirmish of Ath-nam-Muileach—The Ford of the Men of Mull—is now printed for the first time. According to tradition, it was the work of a Beauly woman, who witnessed the return of the factors, and the burial of Walter Ross :—
Ud-ud ! Ud-ud ! Ud-ud-iain ! Bu tubaisteach bhur còmhal, ’Nuair thachair prasgan ullamh ruibh Aig Ath-nam-Muileach còmhla.
Gur holc a chaidh a’ chomhairle leibh, ’S i dh’fhag bhur gnothach cearbach— Gun deach Fear Feàrn a mhaslachadh, ’S gun deach a mhac a mharbhadh.
OLDEN TIMES IN THE PARISH. 237
In the year 1724, Government sent General Wade into the Highlands to enquire into the state of the country ; and, as the result of his report and recommendations, he was commissioned to disarm the Highlanders, and to carry out certain sug gestions which he had made. On 15th September, 1725, the men of Glenmoriston, Glengarry, and Strathglass, made a show of surrendering their arms to him at the then newly erected barrack of Kil-
Gun deach Fear Feàrn a mhaslachadh, ’S gun deach a mhac a mharbhadh ; ’S gun tug sibh màl a’ Mharcuis leibh Air chupall each ’s air charbad !
Gun deach Fear Feàrn a mhaslachadh, A’s chaidh a mhac a reubadh ; S chaidh luchd nan cota daithte ’sin A chasaid a Dhuin-Eideann !
’Nuair chunna sibh nach b’urrainn duibh Na giullain a bh’aig Dòmhnull, Gun tug sibh an commission da A fhuair sibh ’ghibht bho Deòrsa !
Guidheam ceud buaidh-thapaidh leat,
A Dhòmhnuill ghasda, ghleusda,
A Dhòmhnuill threubhaich, churanta,
Ni feum dhe arm ’s dhe eideadh ! (Ud-ud ! Ud-ud ! Ud-ud-iain ! Awkward was your [the Whigs’] per formance on the day on which the sprightly company [of Jacobites] met you at Ath-nam-Muileach. Bad was the result of your consultation : it brought your errand to a feeble end ; Fearn was disgraced, and his son was slain. Fearn was disgraced, and his son was slain ; and you carried the rent of the Marquis [of Seaforth] with you on a bier between two horses ! [A sarcastic allusion to the fact that, instead of returning with the rent, they returned with young Fearn’s dead body.] Fearn was dis graced, and his son was mangled ; and the men of the coloured coats went to Edinburgh to complain ! When you saw that you could not cope with Donald’s youths, you gave up to him the commission which you received in gift from [King] George I I wish you a hundred brave victories, 0 Donald the good and expert, Donald the bold and valorous, who can put arms and accoutrements to proper use !)
238 URQUHART AND GLENMORISTON.
Chuimein, or FortAugustus ; but they concealed their best weapons, and only gave up such as were of little use. Wade, following the example of Cromwell, placed on Loch Ness a galley, capable of carrying fifty or sixty soldiers ; an independent company of Highlanders, raised by the then effu sively loyal Simon, Lord Lovat, was placed along a line stretching from Invermoriston to Loch Duich, with the object of preventing the passage of cattle- lifters from the countries of the Macdonalds and Lochiel ; and, most important of all, those military roads which still bear the General’s name, were gradually constructed—one of them running from FortAugustus across the hills to Aonach in Glen- moriston, and thence westward to Glenelg.
Notwithstanding all these measures, the Forfeited Estates Commissioners found it impossible to make the lands under their charge of any value to the public, and their sale was at last decided on. In most cases friends took means to secure their restora tion to the old owners, and the kindly clannishness of the Gael precluded competition by outsiders. After more than one attempt to dispose of the estate of Glenmoriston by public auction, the Com missioners at last sold it privately to the Laird of Grant’s second son, Ludovick, a young advocate who was at the time known as Ludovick Colquhoun of Luss, he having succeeded to that property through his mother. The deed of sale was signed on 3rd December, 1730. Ludovick’s entry was held to have been at Whitsunday of that year, and the
OLDEN TIMES IN THE PARISH. 239
price was £1086 sterling, with interest at five per cent. from that term till payment. The price was paid on 21st July, 1732, when the Barons of Exchequer conveyed the estate to Ludovick, who really acted for behoof of old Iain a’ Chragain and his family. “ There seemed,” says Mr Hill Burton, in reference to the forfeited estates,1 “ to be a tacit combination through the community to enclose the property with a network of debts, burdens, and old family settlements, through the meshes of which the Commissioners could only extract fractional portions.” In the case of Glenmoriston, Iain a’ Chragain and his friends had arranged matters so well that the Commissioners extracted nothing, save arrears of feu-duty due to the Crown. No duties had been paid since the time of Killicrankie, and the arrears now amounted to £75 3s 4d.2
In May, 1733, Ludovick conveyed the estate, not to Iain a’ Chragain, who was still under attainder, but, to his eldest son, John. He, how ever, retained the right of superiority of part of Duldreggan, Inverwick, Blairie, Over Inver, and Nether Inver, in his own person.
Young John Grant, the new proprietor, died on 3rd December, 1734. Iain a’ Chragain survived till 30th November, 1736. Born in 1657, when Crom well ruled, Iain saw the Restoration of the Stewarts, in 1660, and their final expulsion in 1688. He fought for them at Killicrankie in 1689, and saw
1 History of Scotland, VIII., 350. 2 See Appendix G for account showing application of price.
240 URQUHART AND GLENMORISTON.
his mansion destroyed and his country pillaged for his pains. He fought for them again at Sheriffmuir in 1715, after which his residence was again given to the flames, and his estates forfeited. He was essentially a man of strife—eager, bold, and fearless ; and in his younger days, when there was no fighting to do, he gave scope to the natural bent of his mind in a long litigation with the Laird of Grant about his family's right to Balmacaan. In the estimation of his people he was a perfect chieftain ; and traditions which still survive show how deep the impression was that his deeds made upon the popular mind, and with what genuine affection his memory has been cherished even to the present day.1
1 By his second wife, Janet, daughter of Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochiel, Iain a’ Chragain had ten sons and five daughters, and at the time of the lady’g death in 1759, their descendants numbered 200 [Scots Magazine]. As a remark able instance of the linking of distant ages by the lives of individuals, it may be mentioned that Iain, who was born in the days of the Commonwealth, saw his grandson, Colonel Hugh Grant of Moy (son of Grant of Shewglie), who was born in 1733, and survived till the year 1822. A sculptured stone covers the grave (in Invermoriston churchyard) of Iain a’ Chragain and his son John, bearing the following inscription :—“ This stone is erected here in memory of the Much Honoured John Grant, Laerd of Glenmorison, who dyed Novr. 30, 1736, aged 79 : and his son, John Grant, Younger Laerd of Glenmorison, who departed this life ye 3d Decemr., 1734, Aged 35 years.” Adjoining is the tombstone of Iain’s wife, on which there is the inscription :— “ This stone is erected here in memory of the much Honoured Janet Cameron, Lady to the Honoured John Grant of Glenmorison, Daughter to the Honoured Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochiel, who departed this life, Febry. 1759, aged 81 years.”
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